Thursday, 22 December 2016

2.2

1. Describe the market segment(s) your product aims for. What segmentation targeting strategy does the manufacturer follow? Which market segmentation criteria are used? Also, describe the positioning strategy used for the product.

Doritos’ primary segmentation is with the demographic value; age.  Their primary targets are younger people between the ages of 16 and 24, so college or university students, mostly. Doritos is also more targeted at males than it is at females, though this is less important than the age segmentation. There is also some segmentation toward income. The target here lies in lower to middle income, as is to be expected when you look at the ages they target. And, as Doritos is a snack, they also segment on the psychographic variable of lifestyle; the greatest number of people will still eat crisps, but there is a small branch of people who avoid all things unhealthy, athletes and the like.

To summarize, Doritos segments their market on the following variables:

-       Age
o   16-24
-       Occupation
o   Student
-       Gender
o   male
-       Income
o   Lower to middle
-       Lifestyle
o   Average people, non-athletes.

Doritos’ slogan at the moment is ‘’for the bold’’ this puts a perception into the minds of the consumers that greatly appeals to them, as it tells them they are daring or adventurous. Its executive positioning comes in the form of its logo, on a single colour of bag, along with a few crisps on the bag, the colours are usually very bright and eye-catching. They might, sometimes, release a special version which changes the standard look slightly, but the standard bags of crisps are commonly all the same. What Doritos promises (what its proposition is) is a taste so amazingly jaw dropping it is irresistible.


  1. 26. Describe the basic conditions for effective segmentation and evaluate whether these conditions are met for the segments you described before.

The effectiveness is based on several criteria which are the following

-       Homogeneous
o   All the consumers allocated to a segment should be similar in a relevant way
-       Heterogeneous.
o   Every segment of consumers should be unique in comparison to the other segments.
-       Measurable
o   It must be possible to measure the size of the market segment
-       Substantial.
o   The segment should be large enough, when looking at sales, to warrant the attention of the firm.
-       Accessibility
o   The segment should be attainable when considering distribution and promotion.
-       Stable
o   The segment must be around long enough for it to be viable.


Doritos segments

-       homogenous
Doritos’ segments are definitely homogeneous. The people of this age group are definitely similar to one another as they are in a similar phase of their life. Students, also, are very similar to one another in the way they live. Males, are definitely similar in many ways, though we mustn’t generalize, of course, the group is rather large, after all, and thus, similarities and differences must exist. The people of the wage segment definitely share resemblances, but maybe this is easiest to see by looking at what they’re not. For instance, the higher tiers of the wage group are less likely to purchase something as, crude? perhaps, as Doritos. And would be more likely to purchase something more defined. But people of the targeted wage group have no such… restraints. And the last group, the non-athletes all share the most crucial trait for Doritos, in that they aren’t so restrained to never eat something that would be unhealthy.

-       Heterogeneous
When looking at heterogeneousness some problems arise, it is easily discernible when looking at the first two groups, for instance. The ages 16-24 of coincide with being students, and are therefore almost completely similar people. The same goes for the wage. Of course, this doesn’t go for all of this group, since later in life people who belong to this group are different. However, most students (age 16-24) are part of this wage group, because they aren’t properly earning money yet. The males and non-athletes are both very big groups, and so naturally have some part in other segments, but they are different enough from their opposite segments. What I mean with that is that while male and female are both massive groups (half the population (roughly) they are still heterogenous in the sense that these groups are in critical ways completely different from the other.

-       Measurable
In this regard the segments are very manageable. Age, occupation and gender are the easiest, with income being slightly more difficult, and lifestyle slightly more difficult still. However, you should definitely be able to evaluate the overall attractiveness of the segments.

-       Substantial
the substantiality of the buying power for the segments is definitely there. All of the segments that Doritos uses is without a doubt large enough to warrant attention, and making and subsequently maintaining a marketing mix should most assuredly be justifiable.

-       Accessibility
The segments are one and all accessible, though, because some segments fail in regards to heterogeneousness it might be slightly harder to differentiate them from one another. What I mean is whilst they are decidedly accessible, since they are similar to one another, or are related in some ways (such as the aforementioned age and occupation, here) it might be difficult to separately reach them.

-       Stability
Yes. All of the segments are magnificently stable. They are groups of people that exist, and always will keep existing. Changes will happen of course, people get replaced, but the segment itself is eternal. Look, for instance, at age; people won’t stop aging, for now, but even though people eventually go past the outer limit of 24 years old, new people will take their place, for now, and forever more. The same goes for the other groups.




Friday, 18 November 2016

2.1

Back for the second period with the first questions being about Marketing research.

1. The Nielsen research panel

Nielsen gathers information on markets across the world. They do this so that if you, as a company, want to know what consumers watch and buy you can get this information through them. To look at which data is exactly available, and to see the benefits, I went and took a look in their store. I selected the categories that my product (Doritos) falls under, which here is consumer goods, and then confectionery & Snacks. Here there were two options. So, naturally, I opted for the more expensive one, which should naturally have more information. Now for 1185 dollars you get the following retail facts:

·         Sales, the total sales turnover for the reported period, product line, and market.
·         Market share, this is calculated based on sales value of a product line vs. the total category. Which is then expressed as a percentage. To clarify, should you have a 15% market share; that means that every €15 out of €100 belongs to you.
·         Number of items sold, this is the number of items that have sold at least one unit for the selected product line / period / market.
·         Change, this looks at the change that has occurred this period / year opposite to the last period / year. The change is expressed in % for sales value and average number of items.



The benefits of this data are, of course, quite excellent. You can use all of this information to determine where your product is being best sold, which your main competitors are, and how you’re doing in comparison to the last period. With all of this knowledge you can adapt your marketing strategy, should it prove necessary, and you can also determine where more a more direct approach is required.

2. GFK

GFK, like Nielsen is a company that has market data, which you can get access to through them. There are two other leaders in this market, which are Ipsos and the Kantar group. GFK looks to be less easily accessible to me though, and I find the way they organized their websites to be not very consumer friendly. Though I suppose it isn’t something consumers should look at too often, as it is catered towards companies. GFK seems to have portals, which you need to log-in to, to get the market information. Now, since I don’t have an account I cannot see exactly what lies within, so I will try to make do with the information that is readily accessible.

When I looked at the relevant industry for Doritos here, (industries into consumer goods, into fast consumer good) it shows a picture of an employee to contact, and some text on the subject and information they might deliver. It also seems that they have different contacts for different nationalities, which, of course, is very clever. Anyway, what they say they can deliver to me is “timely data, relevant data, and insight on consumer trends and the factors impacting FMCG purchases and purchasing behavior.” Followed by some stuff on why they’re better than the other companies that offer this information.

Long story short, they give you data on the market, like Nielsen and the others, and you can use this data to plan your marketing strategies. Personally, I couldn’t spot any major differences in the data that they deliver, though maybe that is because it is hidden behind their client portals.

3. a questionnaire

On this questionnaire, we will ask you some questions regarding the Doritos brand, we would like you to answer them on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 is strongly disagree and 5 is strong agree.

1.      Doritos is my first choice in crisps
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
2.      I always pick tortilla crisps over potato crisps
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
3.      When I pick tortilla crisps, I always choose Doritos over other brands
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
4.      I think the price for Doritos is fine
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
5.      When I next purchase crisps I will buy Doritos
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
6.      I would recommend Doritos to my friends/family
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
7.      I am satisfied with the varieties in flavour that Doritos has to offer
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
8.      Doritos is very easily available at every supermarket
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
9.      I think Doritos belongs to the top of the crisp brands world-wide
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
1.  I like Doritos because it has a different shape from regular crisps
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
1.  I think Doritos is unique in its flavours
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree
1.  I think Doritos stands apart from the other brands that offer crisps
a.       Strongly agree
b.      Agree
c.       Neutral
d.      Disagree
e.       Strongly disagree



Wednesday, 21 September 2016

1.3

Week 3, hooray only 4 questions for this week.

Okay some vague questions this time around.

Social Environment
The social environment the consumer might be in is something I cannot predict in any way since, from what I could find out about what it actually is, it differs per person. In any case, the way you can use this product (Doritos) is pretty limited (you can only eat it...), so the social environment is of no consequence to the product.


Okay, now for the family life cycle
If you didn't yet know, the family life cycle is the cycle that starts when you're a single adult and then continues on through a few stages. So first is the single adult, followed by a new couple, then a couple with children, then a couple with a teenage child and lastly a fully matured child, who starts the cycle anew.

Anyway in stage one the person is likely to buy Doritos for him or her or itself and after that for his girl/boyfriend/apache helicopter. and lastly for his/her/it's family.

Consumer buying behaviour and thought process
The consumer buying behaviour that goes hand in hand with buying Doritos is that of someone who doesn't care too much about the excess fat and salt and other things bad for you... So no crossfitters.. (probably)
The process of decisions you make when buying Doritos, is probably as follows (mind the probably... I cannot speak for everyone since I (sadly) lack psychic abilities).
You enter the supermarket with good intentions of buying healthy food. After passing the fruit and vegetables isle having purchased nothing, you end up at the snacks isle. At this point you think to pass through quickly so that you don't purchase anything delicious and terrible for you. Sadly, you cannot hope to control your urges, though try you might. You look to your left and see Doritos nacho cheese, looking at you. You try your absolute best, but cannot escape the hypnotising abilities of the delicious cheesy goodness. whilst hating yourself, and your weakness, you see your hand moving toward the bag. You try to will your hand to go down but alas, it won't react to your wishes. You know that once your hand touches that bag you will have lost the battle, but you cannot come up with anything that might save you. Your hand grabs the bag and you know all is lost. You try to console yourself by saying you'll share the bag with your friends. But deep inside you know all too well. You're going to eat the entire thing by yourself.

Attitude scale for Doritos
1. Disgust. (doritos, ugh digusting crap.)
2. Aversion (No thanks, i prefer Lays.)
3. Meh (I don't really care, it's allright but so are Lays and Pringles.)
4. Quite (Yes, Doritos, Quite good innit.) (Satisfactory)
5. Extraordinary (Best. Crisps. Ever.)

I might make a few changes to the word document i'm actually turning in... I know, surprising right?

Wednesday, 14 September 2016

1.2

Okay, week 2, here we are.

now then, first things first, Doritos's mission statement.. well, i couldn't find it.

I could, however, find Pepsico's statement which is, and  i quote: 
''As one of the largest food and beverage companies in the world, our mission is to provide consumers around the world with delicious, affordable, convenient and complementary foods and beverages from wholesome breakfasts to healthy and fun daytime snacks and beverages to evening treats.''

For Doritos i could find more of a slogan which is: 
''If you’re up to the challenge, grab a bag of DORITOS® tortilla chips and get ready to make some memories you won’t soon forget. It’s a bold experience in snacking and beyond.''

now then, competitors. As you might have guessed Doritos's main competitors are all from the same company; PepsiCo. These are Lays (or walkers) and Cheetos. Another major competitor is Pringles. and then there's a great deal of own brands of which there are far too many to name individually.

Doritos's competitive positions is quite good, which i think everyone would agree to. Whenever you're in a supermarket they're always at eye level, just like Lays or Pringles. which means they are a primary product to be sold. For the sake of argument I also did a quick google search for most popular crisps or potato chips, or best sold crisps etc... And, not surprisingly, Lays was always first. with Doritos trailing not far behind. There were some lists which didn't have Doritos on them at all, but that is, i assume, because Doritos are tortilla crisps.

 The advtanages Doritos has, also lies in the fact that they are, indeed, Tortilla crisps. This separates them from other brands, and makes them unique. Doritos is without a doubt the most popular and most well-known tortilla crisp brand. Now I can hear you thinking 'what are you basing this on?'. Well, there are a lot of websites you can find which have made rankings of the best, or most popular potato chips/ crisps. And many of them, are a regular pain in the ass, in my ever so humble opinion. However i did find this one site, which had an article written by a mr. Vince Bamford, which i found particularly helpful. here's the link if you want to see it for yourself: 
''http://www.bakeryandsnacks.com/Retail-Shopper-Insights/Snacks-2015-top-10-best-selling-US-chips-tortilla-and-pretzel-brands''

Finally, i had a look at the Ansoff model to see which would be a good way for Doritos to grow. During this process of me thinking about this model and Doritos, I couldn't help but think: 'what are you doing, they probably have a marketing team, smartass, you're really not going to figure something out they haven't yet.' and then i remembered this is a school assignment, and i don't really have a choice. So, here's what i thought. The options I could come up with were the following: 1. product design; not as drastic as you might be thinking, I was thinking along the lines of a new flavour, which they've been doing for a while, and I personally do enjoy. So.. keep it up on that front! 2. Market development; Doritos is quite a globally renowned brand, but they aren't yet completely global. I'm sure there are some countries which don't yet have Doritos, and those poor, poor people haven't yet been given this fantastic snack. And regardless of whether or not they deserve it, there might be some profit that can be made there.

Okay, that about wraps up week 2, if you're reading this, thank you.. i guess. Though i can't for the life of me figure out why. regardless of reason, i hope you have a nice week. Try to keep it up, it's almost friday!

Wednesday, 7 September 2016

1.1

The product i have chosen to look up is Doritos. The reason, while simple, is in my ever so humble opinion a good one. I like Doritos, i really, really do. And what other reason do you require to look thing up online?

So, Doritos.
The company is owned by Frito-Lay, which in turn is owned by PepsiCo,inc.

Originally the Frito-Lay company was two separate companies. 
One was the Frito company, founded in 1932 in Kansas City. And the other was the H.W Lay company which was founded in 1931 in Nashville, Tennessee. 
From 1945 onward the companies started working together to reach national distribution. Then in 1961 the companies merged into Frito-Lay, Inc. and moving their joint headquarters to Dallas in Texas. At this point the company’s annual revenue had reached a total of $127 million. Then in 1965 the company announced a merger with Pepsi-Cola. They did this for several reasons, one of which was to make use of the Pepsi-Cola company’s existing presence and distribution network in 108 countries at that time. After the merger the name of Pepsi-Cola became PepsiCo, Inc. 

Aside from Doritos crisps, they also sell Lays, Cheetos and Fritos, though these are also crisps. They also sell some other snacks like Rold Gold pretzels, Cracker Jack popcorn snacks and TrueNorth nuts and nut crisps. 
To summarize they sell all kinds of snacks.
Ofcourse, here you're only talking about the Frito-Lay company. PepsiCo, Inc. sell much more.